Drug discovery has evolved tremendously from ancient times to the present, reflecting both scientific progress and technological advancements. In ancient times, medications were primarily derived from plants and natural sources, with knowledge passed down through generations about the healing properties of various herbs, oils, and natural extracts. Early treatments were often based on empirical observation and trial and error, using remedies that included herbs, minerals, and animal parts. As time progressed and chemistry became an established science in the 19th century, pharmacists and scientists began isolating active compounds with therapeutic properties, marking a significant shift in how drugs were understood and developed. This chemical approach allowed for the creation of medications with more predictable and targeted effects, greatly enhancing the efficacy and reliability of treatments. The 20th century brought further advancements, with the rise of molecular biology and genetics enabling researchers to understand diseases at the cellular level, paving the way for drugs that target specific biological pathways. Biotechnology revolutionized drug development, allowing for the creation of biologics like monoclonal antibodies and gene therapies, which address previously untreatable conditions. More recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning have further transformed the field, providing tools to predict potential drug candidates, optimize clinical trials, and personalize treatments based on genetic profiles, leading us to an era of precision medicine. This progression in drug discovery highlights the complex and evolving nature of medicine, demonstrating how far we’ve come and how technology continues to shape the future of therapeutics.